Security Vulnerabilities, CVEs, Published In 2018 (Gain Privilege)

In the Linux kernel 4.15.x through 4.19.x before 4.19.2, map_write() in kernel/user_namespace.c allows privilege escalation because it mishandles nested user namespaces with more than 5 UID or GID ranges. A user who has CAP_SYS_ADMIN in an affected user namespace can bypass access controls on resources outside the namespace, as demonstrated by reading /etc/shadow. This occurs because an ID transformation takes place properly for the namespaced-to-kernel direction but not for the kernel-to-namespaced direction.

A privilege escalation issue was discovered in VyOS 1.1.8. The default configuration also allows operator users to execute the pppd binary with elevated (sudo) permissions. Certain input parameters are not properly validated. A malicious operator user can run the binary with elevated permissions and leverage its improper input validation condition to spawn an attacker-controlled shell with root privileges.

It was discovered that the Western Digital My Cloud device before 2.30.196 is affected by an authentication bypass vulnerability. An unauthenticated attacker can exploit this vulnerability to authenticate as an admin user without needing to provide a password, thereby gaining full control of the device. (Whenever an admin logs into My Cloud, a server-side session is created that is bound to the user's IP address. After the session is created, it is possible to call authenticated CGI modules by sending the cookie username=admin in the HTTP request. The invoked CGI will check if a valid session is present and bound to the user's IP address.) It was found that it is possible for an unauthenticated attacker to create a valid session without a login. The network_mgr.cgi CGI module contains a command called "cgi_get_ipv6" that starts an admin session -- tied to the IP address of the user making the request -- if the additional parameter "flag" with the value "1" is provided. Subsequent invocation of commands that would normally require admin privileges now succeed if an attacker sets the username=admin cookie.

Grafana 2.x, 3.x, and 4.x before 4.6.4 and 5.x before 5.2.3 allows authentication bypass because an attacker can generate a valid "remember me" cookie knowing only a username of an LDAP or OAuth user.

An issue was discovered in phpMyAdmin 4.8.x before 4.8.2, in which an attacker can include (view and potentially execute) files on the server. The vulnerability comes from a portion of code where pages are redirected and loaded within phpMyAdmin, and an improper test for whitelisted pages. An attacker must be authenticated, except in the "$cfg['AllowArbitraryServer'] = true" case (where an attacker can specify any host he/she is already in control of, and execute arbitrary code on phpMyAdmin) and the "$cfg['ServerDefault'] = 0" case (which bypasses the login requirement and runs the vulnerable code without any authentication).

From version 1.3.0 onward, Apache Spark's standalone master exposes a REST API for job submission, in addition to the submission mechanism used by spark-submit. In standalone, the config property 'spark.authenticate.secret' establishes a shared secret for authenticating requests to submit jobs via spark-submit. However, the REST API does not use this or any other authentication mechanism, and this is not adequately documented. In this case, a user would be able to run a driver program without authenticating, but not launch executors, using the REST API. This REST API is also used by Mesos, when set up to run in cluster mode (i.e., when also running MesosClusterDispatcher), for job submission. Future versions of Spark will improve documentation on these points, and prohibit setting 'spark.authenticate.secret' when running the REST APIs, to make this clear. Future versions will also disable the REST API by default in the standalone master by changing the default value of 'spark.master.rest.enabled' to 'false'.

A vulnerability was found in libssh's server-side state machine before versions 0.7.6 and 0.8.4. A malicious client could create channels without first performing authentication, resulting in unauthorized access.

Network Manager VPNC plugin (aka networkmanager-vpnc) before version 1.2.6 is vulnerable to a privilege escalation attack. A new line character can be used to inject a Password helper parameter into the configuration data passed to VPNC, allowing an attacker to execute arbitrary commands as root.

A statement in the System Programming Guide of the Intel 64 and IA-32 Architectures Software Developer's Manual (SDM) was mishandled in the development of some or all operating-system kernels, resulting in unexpected behavior for #DB exceptions that are deferred by MOV SS or POP SS, as demonstrated by (for example) privilege escalation in Windows, macOS, some Xen configurations, or FreeBSD, or a Linux kernel crash. The MOV to SS and POP SS instructions inhibit interrupts (including NMIs), data breakpoints, and single step trap exceptions until the instruction boundary following the next instruction (SDM Vol. 3A; section 6.8.3). (The inhibited data breakpoints are those on memory accessed by the MOV to SS or POP to SS instruction itself.) Note that debug exceptions are not inhibited by the interrupt enable (EFLAGS.IF) system flag (SDM Vol. 3A; section 2.3). If the instruction following the MOV to SS or POP to SS instruction is an instruction like SYSCALL, SYSENTER, INT 3, etc. that transfers control to the operating system at CPL < 3, the debug exception is delivered after the transfer to CPL < 3 is complete. OS kernels may not expect this order of events and may therefore experience unexpected behavior when it occurs.

A privilege escalation vulnerability in Nagios XI 5.2.x through 5.4.x before 5.4.13 allows an attacker to leverage an RCE vulnerability escalating to root.

An elevation of privilege vulnerability exists in Windows when the Win32k component fails to properly handle objects in memory, aka "Win32k Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability." This affects Windows 7, Windows Server 2012 R2, Windows RT 8.1, Windows Server 2008, Windows Server 2019, Windows Server 2012, Windows 8.1, Windows Server 2016, Windows Server 2008 R2, Windows 10, Windows 10 Servers.

An elevation of privilege vulnerability exists when Windows improperly handles calls to Advanced Local Procedure Call (ALPC), aka "Windows ALPC Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability." This affects Windows 7, Windows Server 2012 R2, Windows RT 8.1, Windows Server 2008, Windows Server 2012, Windows 8.1, Windows Server 2016, Windows Server 2008 R2, Windows 10, Windows 10 Servers.

An elevation of privilege vulnerability exists in Windows when the Win32k component fails to properly handle objects in memory, aka "Win32k Elevation of Privilege Vulnerability." This affects Windows Server 2008, Windows 7, Windows Server 2008 R2. This CVE ID is unique from CVE-2018-8124, CVE-2018-8164, CVE-2018-8166.

transport.py in the SSH server implementation of Paramiko before 1.17.6, 1.18.x before 1.18.5, 2.0.x before 2.0.8, 2.1.x before 2.1.5, 2.2.x before 2.2.3, 2.3.x before 2.3.2, and 2.4.x before 2.4.1 does not properly check whether authentication is completed before processing other requests, as demonstrated by channel-open. A customized SSH client can simply skip the authentication step.

It was discovered that the Unitrends Backup (UB) before 10.1.0 libbpext.so authentication could be bypassed with a SQL injection, allowing a remote attacker to place a privilege escalation exploit on the target system and subsequently execute arbitrary commands.

It was discovered that the Unitrends Backup (UB) before 10.1.0 user interface was exposed to an authentication bypass, which then could allow an unauthenticated user to inject arbitrary commands into its /api/hosts parameters using backquotes.

IBM Security QRadar SIEM 7.2 and 7.3 could allow a user to bypass authentication which could lead to code execution. IBM X-Force ID: 138824.

Jann Horn of Google Project Zero discovered that NTFS-3G, a read-write NTFS driver for FUSE, does not scrub the environment before executing modprobe with elevated privileges. A local user can take advantage of this flaw for local root privilege escalation.

IBM QRadar 7.2 and 7.3 specifies permissions for a security-critical resource in a way that allows that resource to be read or modified by unintended actors. IBM X-Force ID: 119737.

A improper authentication vulnerability exists in Jenkins 2.137 and earlier, 2.121.2 and earlier in SecurityRealm.java, TokenBasedRememberMeServices2.java that allows attackers with a valid cookie to remain logged in even if that feature is disabled.

Berkeley Open Infrastructure for Network Computing BOINC Server and Website Code version 0.9-1.0.2 contains a CWE-302: Authentication Bypass by Assumed-Immutable Data vulnerability in Website Terms of Service Acceptance Page that can result in Access to any user account. This attack appear to be exploitable via Specially crafted URL. This vulnerability appears to have been fixed in 1.0.3.

log-user-session version 0.7 and earlier contains a Directory Traversal vulnerability in Main SUID-binary /usr/local/bin/log-user-session that can result in User to root privilege escalation. This attack appear to be exploitable via Malicious unprivileged user executes the vulnerable binary/(remote) environment variable manipulation similar shell-shock also possible.

KOHA Library System version 16.11.x (up until 16.11.13) and 17.05.x (up until 17.05.05) contains a Cross Site Scripting (XSS) vulnerability in Multiple fields on multiple pages including /cgi-bin/koha/acqui/supplier.pl?op=enter , /cgi-bin/koha/circ/circulation.pl?borrowernumber=[number] , /cgi-bin/koha/serials/subscription-add.pl that can result in Privilege escalation by taking control of higher privileged users browser sessions. This attack appear to be exploitable via Victims must be socially engineered to visit a vulnerable webpage containing malicious payload. This vulnerability appears to have been fixed in 17.11.

Cobbler version Verified as present in Cobbler versions 2.6.11+, but code inspection suggests at least 2.0.0+ or possibly even older versions may be vulnerable contains a Incorrect Access Control vulnerability in XMLRPC API (/cobbler_api) that can result in Privilege escalation, data manipulation or exfiltration, LDAP credential harvesting. This attack appear to be exploitable via "network connectivity". Taking advantage of improper validation of security tokens in API endpoints. Please note this is a different issue than CVE-2018-10931.

Cobbler version Verified as present in Cobbler versions 2.6.11+, but code inspection suggests at least 2.0.0+ or possibly even older versions may be vulnerable contains a Cross Site Scripting (XSS) vulnerability in cobbler-web that can result in Privilege escalation to admin.. This attack appear to be exploitable via "network connectivity". Sending unauthenticated JavaScript payload to the Cobbler XMLRPC API (/cobbler_api).