Vulnerability Details : CVE-2022-46169
Public exploit exists!
Cacti is an open source platform which provides a robust and extensible operational monitoring and fault management framework for users. In affected versions a command injection vulnerability allows an unauthenticated user to execute arbitrary code on a server running Cacti, if a specific data source was selected for any monitored device. The vulnerability resides in the `remote_agent.php` file. This file can be accessed without authentication. This function retrieves the IP address of the client via `get_client_addr` and resolves this IP address to the corresponding hostname via `gethostbyaddr`. After this, it is verified that an entry within the `poller` table exists, where the hostname corresponds to the resolved hostname. If such an entry was found, the function returns `true` and the client is authorized. This authorization can be bypassed due to the implementation of the `get_client_addr` function. The function is defined in the file `lib/functions.php` and checks serval `$_SERVER` variables to determine the IP address of the client. The variables beginning with `HTTP_` can be arbitrarily set by an attacker. Since there is a default entry in the `poller` table with the hostname of the server running Cacti, an attacker can bypass the authentication e.g. by providing the header `Forwarded-For: <TARGETIP>`. This way the function `get_client_addr` returns the IP address of the server running Cacti. The following call to `gethostbyaddr` will resolve this IP address to the hostname of the server, which will pass the `poller` hostname check because of the default entry. After the authorization of the `remote_agent.php` file is bypassed, an attacker can trigger different actions. One of these actions is called `polldata`. The called function `poll_for_data` retrieves a few request parameters and loads the corresponding `poller_item` entries from the database. If the `action` of a `poller_item` equals `POLLER_ACTION_SCRIPT_PHP`, the function `proc_open` is used to execute a PHP script. The attacker-controlled parameter `$poller_id` is retrieved via the function `get_nfilter_request_var`, which allows arbitrary strings. This variable is later inserted into the string passed to `proc_open`, which leads to a command injection vulnerability. By e.g. providing the `poller_id=;id` the `id` command is executed. In order to reach the vulnerable call, the attacker must provide a `host_id` and `local_data_id`, where the `action` of the corresponding `poller_item` is set to `POLLER_ACTION_SCRIPT_PHP`. Both of these ids (`host_id` and `local_data_id`) can easily be bruteforced. The only requirement is that a `poller_item` with an `POLLER_ACTION_SCRIPT_PHP` action exists. This is very likely on a productive instance because this action is added by some predefined templates like `Device - Uptime` or `Device - Polling Time`. This command injection vulnerability allows an unauthenticated user to execute arbitrary commands if a `poller_item` with the `action` type `POLLER_ACTION_SCRIPT_PHP` (`2`) is configured. The authorization bypass should be prevented by not allowing an attacker to make `get_client_addr` (file `lib/functions.php`) return an arbitrary IP address. This could be done by not honoring the `HTTP_...` `$_SERVER` variables. If these should be kept for compatibility reasons it should at least be prevented to fake the IP address of the server running Cacti. This vulnerability has been addressed in both the 1.2.x and 1.3.x release branches with `1.2.23` being the first release containing the patch.
Vulnerability category: Execute code
CVE-2022-46169 is in the CISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities Catalog
CISA vulnerability name:
Cacti Command Injection Vulnerability
CISA required action:
Apply updates per vendor instructions.
CISA description:
Cacti contains a command injection vulnerability that allows an unauthenticated user to execute code.
Notes:
https://github.com/Cacti/cacti/security/advisories/GHSA-6p93-p743-35gf
Added on
2023-02-16
Action due date
2023-03-09
Exploit prediction scoring system (EPSS) score for CVE-2022-46169
Probability of exploitation activity in the next 30 days: 96.53%
Percentile, the proportion of vulnerabilities that are scored at or less: ~ 100 % EPSS Score History EPSS FAQ
Metasploit modules for CVE-2022-46169
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Cacti 1.2.22 unauthenticated command injection
Disclosure Date: 2022-12-05First seen: 2023-09-11exploit/linux/http/cacti_unauthenticated_cmd_injectionThis module exploits an unauthenticated command injection vulnerability in Cacti through 1.2.22 (CVE-2022-46169) in order to achieve unauthenticated remote code execution as the www-data user. The module first attempts to obtain the Cacti version t
CVSS scores for CVE-2022-46169
Base Score | Base Severity | CVSS Vector | Exploitability Score | Impact Score | Score Source |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
9.8
|
CRITICAL | CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H |
3.9
|
5.9
|
NIST |
9.8
|
CRITICAL | CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H |
3.9
|
5.9
|
GitHub, Inc. |
CWE ids for CVE-2022-46169
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The product constructs all or part of a command, data structure, or record using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify how it is parsed or interpreted when it is sent to a downstream component.Assigned by: security-advisories@github.com (Secondary)
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The product constructs all or part of a command using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended command when it is sent to a downstream component.Assigned by: nvd@nist.gov (Primary)
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The product constructs all or part of an OS command using externally-influenced input from an upstream component, but it does not neutralize or incorrectly neutralizes special elements that could modify the intended OS command when it is sent to a downstream component.Assigned by: nvd@nist.gov (Primary)
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The product performs an authorization check when an actor attempts to access a resource or perform an action, but it does not correctly perform the check. This allows attackers to bypass intended access restrictions.Assigned by: nvd@nist.gov (Primary)
References for CVE-2022-46169
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https://github.com/Cacti/cacti/security/advisories/GHSA-6p93-p743-35gf
Unauthenticated Command Injection · Advisory · Cacti/cacti · GitHubExploit;Mitigation;Patch;Third Party Advisory
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https://github.com/Cacti/cacti/commit/b43f13ae7f1e6bfe4e8e56a80a7cd867cf2db52b
Merge pull request from GHSA-6p93-p743-35gf · Cacti/cacti@b43f13a · GitHubPatch;Third Party Advisory
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https://github.com/Cacti/cacti/commit/7f0e16312dd5ce20f93744ef8b9c3b0f1ece2216
Merge pull request from GHSA-6p93-p743-35gf · Cacti/cacti@7f0e163 · GitHubPatch;Third Party Advisory
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https://github.com/Cacti/cacti/commit/a8d59e8fa5f0054aa9c6981b1cbe30ef0e2a0ec9
Correct issue with PHP 5.4 · Cacti/cacti@a8d59e8 · GitHubPatch;Third Party Advisory
Products affected by CVE-2022-46169
- cpe:2.3:a:cacti:cacti:*:*:*:*:*:*:*:*